CustomResourceDefinition

CustomResourceDefinition(CRD)是 v1.7 新增的無需改變代碼就可以擴展 Kubernetes API 的機制,用來管理自定義對象。它實際上是 ThirdPartyResources(TPR)的升級版本,而 TPR 已經在 v1.8 中棄用。

API 版本對照表

Kubernetes 版本
CRD API 版本

v1.8+

apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1

CRD 示例

下面的例子會創建一個 /apis/stable.example.com/v1/namespaces/<namespace>/crontabs/… 的自定義 API:

apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  # name must match the spec fields below, and be in the form: <plural>.<group>
  name: crontabs.stable.example.com
spec:
  # group name to use for REST API: /apis/<group>/<version>
  group: stable.example.com
  # versions to use for REST API: /apis/<group>/<version>
  versions:
  - name: v1beta1
    # Each version can be enabled/disabled by Served flag.
    served: true
    # One and only one version must be marked as the storage version.
    storage: true
  - name: v1
    served: true
    storage: false
  # either Namespaced or Cluster
  scope: Namespaced
  names:
    # plural name to be used in the URL: /apis/<group>/<version>/<plural>
    plural: crontabs
    # singular name to be used as an alias on the CLI and for display
    singular: crontab
    # kind is normally the CamelCased singular type. Your resource manifests use this.
    kind: CronTab
    # shortNames allow shorter string to match your resource on the CLI
    shortNames:
    - ct

API 創建好後,就可以創建具體的 CronTab 對象了

$ cat my-cronjob.yaml
apiVersion: "stable.example.com/v1"
kind: CronTab
metadata:
  name: my-new-cron-object
spec:
  cronSpec: "* * * * /5"
  image: my-awesome-cron-image

$ kubectl create -f my-crontab.yaml
crontab "my-new-cron-object" created

$ kubectl get crontab
NAME                 KIND
my-new-cron-object   CronTab.v1.stable.example.com
$ kubectl get crontab my-new-cron-object -o yaml
apiVersion: stable.example.com/v1
kind: CronTab
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: 2017-07-03T19:00:56Z
  name: my-new-cron-object
  namespace: default
  resourceVersion: "20630"
  selfLink: /apis/stable.example.com/v1/namespaces/default/crontabs/my-new-cron-object
  uid: 5c82083e-5fbd-11e7-a204-42010a8c0002
spec:
  cronSpec: '* * * * /5'
  image: my-awesome-cron-image

Finalizer

Finalizer 用於實現控制器的異步預刪除鉤子,可以通過 metadata.finalizers 來指定 Finalizer。

apiVersion: "stable.example.com/v1"
kind: CronTab
metadata:
  finalizers:
  - finalizer.stable.example.com

Finalizer 指定後,客戶端刪除對象的操作只會設置 metadata.deletionTimestamp 而不是直接刪除。這會觸發正在監聽 CRD 的控制器,控制器執行一些刪除前的清理操作,從列表中刪除自己的 finalizer,然後再重新發起一個刪除操作。此時,被刪除的對象纔會真正刪除。

Validation

v1.8 開始新增了實驗性的基於 OpenAPI v3 schema 的驗證(Validation)機制,可以用來提前驗證用戶提交的資源是否符合規範。使用該功能需要配置 kube-apiserver 的 --feature-gates=CustomResourceValidation=true

比如下面的 CRD 要求

  • spec.cronSpec 必須是匹配正則表達式的字符串

  • spec.replicas 必須是從 1 到 10 的整數

apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: crontabs.stable.example.com
spec:
  group: stable.example.com
  version: v1
  scope: Namespaced
  names:
    plural: crontabs
    singular: crontab
    kind: CronTab
    shortNames:
    - ct
  validation:
   # openAPIV3Schema is the schema for validating custom objects.
    openAPIV3Schema:
      properties:
        spec:
          properties:
            cronSpec:
              type: string
              pattern: '^(\d+|\*)(/\d+)?(\s+(\d+|\*)(/\d+)?){4}$'
            replicas:
              type: integer
              minimum: 1
              maximum: 10

這樣,在創建下面的 CronTab 時

apiVersion: "stable.example.com/v1"
kind: CronTab
metadata:
  name: my-new-cron-object
spec:
  cronSpec: "* * * *"
  image: my-awesome-cron-image
  replicas: 15

會報驗證失敗的錯誤:

The CronTab "my-new-cron-object" is invalid: []: Invalid value: map[string]interface {}{"apiVersion":"stable.example.com/v1", "kind":"CronTab", "metadata":map[string]interface {}{"name":"my-new-cron-object", "namespace":"default", "deletionTimestamp":interface {}(nil), "deletionGracePeriodSeconds":(*int64)(nil), "creationTimestamp":"2017-09-05T05:20:07Z", "uid":"e14d79e7-91f9-11e7-a598-f0761cb232d1", "selfLink":"","clusterName":""}, "spec":map[string]interface {}{"cronSpec":"* * * *", "image":"my-awesome-cron-image", "replicas":15}}:
validation failure list:
spec.cronSpec in body should match '^(\d+|\*)(/\d+)?(\s+(\d+|\*)(/\d+)?){4}$'
spec.replicas in body should be less than or equal to 10

Subresources

v1.10 開始 CRD 還支持 /status/scale 等兩個子資源(Beta),並且從 v1.11 開始默認開啓。

v1.10 版本使用前需要在 kube-apiserver 開啓 --feature-gates=CustomResourceSubresources=true

# resourcedefinition.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: crontabs.stable.example.com
spec:
  group: stable.example.com
  version: v1
  scope: Namespaced
  names:
    plural: crontabs
    singular: crontab
    kind: CronTab
    shortNames:
    - ct
  # subresources describes the subresources for custom resources.
  subresources:
    # status enables the status subresource.
    status: {}
    # scale enables the scale subresource.
    scale:
      # specReplicasPath defines the JSONPath inside of a custom resource that corresponds to Scale.Spec.Replicas.
      specReplicasPath: .spec.replicas
      # statusReplicasPath defines the JSONPath inside of a custom resource that corresponds to Scale.Status.Replicas.
      statusReplicasPath: .status.replicas
      # labelSelectorPath defines the JSONPath inside of a custom resource that corresponds to Scale.Status.Selector.
      labelSelectorPath: .status.labelSelector
$ kubectl create -f resourcedefinition.yaml
$ kubectl create -f- <<EOF
apiVersion: "stable.example.com/v1"
kind: CronTab
metadata:
  name: my-new-cron-object
spec:
  cronSpec: "* * * * */5"
  image: my-awesome-cron-image
  replicas: 3
EOF

$ kubectl scale --replicas=5 crontabs/my-new-cron-object
crontabs "my-new-cron-object" scaled

$ kubectl get crontabs my-new-cron-object -o jsonpath='{.spec.replicas}'
5

Categories

Categories 用來將 CRD 對象分組,這樣就可以使用 kubectl get <category-name> 來查詢屬於該組的所有對象。

# resourcedefinition.yaml
apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: CustomResourceDefinition
metadata:
  name: crontabs.stable.example.com
spec:
  group: stable.example.com
  version: v1
  scope: Namespaced
  names:
    plural: crontabs
    singular: crontab
    kind: CronTab
    shortNames:
    - ct
    # categories is a list of grouped resources the custom resource belongs to.
    categories:
    - all
# my-crontab.yaml
apiVersion: "stable.example.com/v1"
kind: CronTab
metadata:
  name: my-new-cron-object
spec:
  cronSpec: "* * * * */5"
  image: my-awesome-cron-image
$ kubectl create -f resourcedefinition.yaml
$ kubectl create -f my-crontab.yaml
$ kubectl get all
NAME                          AGE
crontabs/my-new-cron-object   3s

CRD 控制器

在使用 CRD 擴展 Kubernetes API 時,通常還需要實現一個新建資源的控制器,監聽新資源的變化情況,並作進一步的處理。

https://github.com/kubernetes/sample-controller 提供了一個 CRD 控制器的示例,包括

  • 如何註冊資源 Foo

  • 如何創建、刪除和查詢 Foo 對象

  • 如何監聽 Foo 資源對象的變化情況

Kubebuilder

從上面的實例中可以看到從頭構建一個 CRD 控制器並不容易,需要對 Kubernetes 的 API 有深入瞭解,並且RBAC 集成、鏡像構建、持續集成和部署等都需要很大工作量。

kubebuilder 正是爲解決這個問題而生,爲 CRD 控制器提供了一個簡單易用的框架,並可直接生成鏡像構建、持續集成、持續部署等所需的資源文件。

安裝

# Install kubebuilder
VERSION=1.0.1
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubebuilder/releases/download/v${VERSION}/kubebuilder_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz
tar zxvf kubebuilder_${VERSION}_linux_amd64.tar.gz
sudo mv kubebuilder_${VERSION}_linux_amd64 /usr/local/kubebuilder
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/kubebuilder/bin

# Install dep kustomize
go get -u github.com/golang/dep/cmd/dep
go get github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize

使用方法

初始化項目

mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/demo
cd $GOPATH/src/demo
kubebuilder init --domain k8s.io --license apache2 --owner "The Kubernetes Authors"

創建 API

kubebuilder create api --group ships --version v1beta1 --kind Sloop

然後按照實際需要修改 pkg/apis/ship/v1beta1/sloop_types.gopkg/controller/sloop/sloop_controller.go 增加業務邏輯。

本地運行測試

make install
make run

如果碰到錯誤 ValidationError(CustomResourceDefinition.status): missing required field "storedVersions" in io.k8s.apiextensions-apiserver.pkg.apis.apiextensions.v1beta1.CustomResourceDefinitionStatus],可以手動修改 config/crds/ships_v1beta1_sloop.yaml:

```yaml status: acceptedNames: kind: "" plural: "" conditions: [] storedVersions: []

然後運行 kubectl apply -f config/crds 創建 CRD。

然後就可以用 ships.k8s.io/v1beta1 來創建 Kind 爲 Sloop 的資源了,比如

kubectl apply -f config/samples/ships_v1beta1_sloop.yaml

構建鏡像並部署控制器

# 替換 IMG 爲你自己的
export IMG=feisky/demo-crd:v1
make docker-build
make docker-push
make deploy

kustomize 已經不再支持通配符,因而上述 make deploy 可能會碰到 Load from path ../rbac/*.yaml failed 錯誤,解決方法是手動修改 config/default/kustomization.yaml:

resources:

  • ../rbac/rbac_role.yaml

  • ../rbac/rbac_role_binding.yaml

  • ../manager/manager.yaml

然後執行 kustomize build config/default | kubectl apply -f - 部署,默認部署到 demo-system namespace 中。

文檔和測試

# run unit tests
make test

# generate docs
kubebuilder docs

參考文檔

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