eBPF（extended Berkeley Packet Filter）起源於BPF，它提供了內核的數據包過濾機制。BPF的基本思想是對用戶提供兩種SOCKET選項：SO_ATTACH_FILTER和SO_ATTACH_BPF，允許用戶在sokcet上添加自定義的filter，只有滿足該filter指定條件的數據包纔會上發到用戶空間。SO_ATTACH_FILTER插入的是cBPF代碼，SO_ATTACH_BPF插入的是eBPF代碼。eBPF是對cBPF的增強，目前用戶端的tcpdump等程序還是用的cBPF版本，其加載到內核中後會被內核自動的轉變爲eBPF。Linux 3.15 開始引入 eBPF。其擴充了 BPF 的功能，豐富了指令集。它在內核提供了一個虛擬機，用戶態將過濾規則以虛擬機指令的形式傳遞到內核，由內核根據這些指令來過濾網絡數據包。
XDP（eXpress Data Path）爲Linux內核提供了高性能、可編程的網絡數據路徑。由於網絡包在還未進入網絡協議棧之前就處理，它給Linux網絡帶來了巨大的性能提升。XDP 看起來跟 DPDK 比較像，但它比 DPDK 有更多的優點，如
當然，XDP的性能提升是有代價的，它犧牲了通用型和公平性：（1）不提供緩存隊列（qdisc），TX設備太慢時直接丟包，因而不要在RX比TX快的設備上使用XDP；（2）XDP程序是專用的，不具備網絡協議棧的通用性。
Copy # mount BPF filesystem on all nodes
$ mount bpffs /sys/fs/bpf -t bpf
$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium/doc-1.0/examples/kubernetes/1.10/cilium.yaml
$ vim cilium.yaml
[adjust the etcd address]
$ kubectl create -f ./cilium.yaml
Copy minikube start --network-plugin=cni --bootstrapper=localkube --memory=4096 --extra-config=apiserver.Authorization.Mode=RBAC
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-system-default-binding-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:default
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium/HEAD/examples/kubernetes/addons/etcd/standalone-etcd.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium/HEAD/examples/kubernetes/1.10/cilium.yaml
Copy # cluster clusterrolebindings
kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-system-default-binding-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:default
# etcd
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium/HEAD/examples/kubernetes/addons/etcd/standalone-etcd.yaml
# cilium
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium/HEAD/examples/kubernetes/1.10/cilium.yaml | \
sed -e 's/sidecar-http-proxy: "false"/sidecar-http-proxy: "true"/' | \
kubectl create -f -
# Istio
curl -L https://git.io/getLatestIstio | sh -
ISTIO_VERSION=$(curl -L -s https://api.github.com/repos/istio/istio/releases/latest | jq -r .tag_name)
cd istio-${ISTIO_VERSION}
cp bin/istioctl /usr/local/bin
# Patch with cilium pilot
sed -e 's,docker\.io/istio/pilot:,docker.io/cilium/istio_pilot:,' \
< install/kubernetes/istio.yaml | \
kubectl create -f -
# Configure Istio’s sidecar injection to use Cilium’s Docker images for the sidecar proxies
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cilium/cilium/HEAD/examples/kubernetes-istio/istio-sidecar-injector-configmap-release.yaml
Copy apiVersion: "cilium.io/v2"
kind: CiliumNetworkPolicy
description: "L3-L4 policy to restrict deathstar access to empire ships only"
metadata:
name: "rule1"
spec:
endpointSelector:
matchLabels:
org: empire
class: deathstar
ingress:
- fromEndpoints:
- matchLabels:
org: empire
toPorts:
- ports:
- port: "80"
protocol: TCP
Copy apiVersion: "cilium.io/v2"
kind: CiliumNetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: "cidr-rule"
spec:
endpointSelector:
matchLabels:
app: myService
egress:
- toCIDR:
- 20.1.1.1/32
- toCIDRSet:
- cidr: 10.0.0.0/8
except:
- 10.96.0.0/12
Copy apiVersion: "cilium.io/v2"
kind: CiliumNetworkPolicy
description: "L7 policy to restrict access to specific HTTP call"
metadata:
name: "rule1"
spec:
endpointSelector:
matchLabels:
org: empire
class: deathstar
ingress:
- fromEndpoints:
- matchLabels:
org: empire
toPorts:
- ports:
- port: "80"
protocol: TCP
rules:
http:
- method: "POST"
path: "/v1/request-landing"
Copy $ kubectl apply -f
https://github.com/cilium/microscope/blob/master/docs/microscope.yaml
$ kubectl exec -n kube-system microscope -- microscope -h 
